60 Jahre Israel:
Die Rechte von Schwulen und Lesben in Israel
Mit nur 60 Jahren ist Israel eines der jüngsten und zugleich fortschrittlichsten Länder der Welt. In Bezug auf die Gleichberechtigung sexueller Minderheiten und ihre persönlichen und zivilen Rechte ist Israel mit Abstand der toleranteste Staat im Nahen und Mittleren Osten...

[1] Burden, Chas Newkey, “Tel Aviv, the final gay frontier,” Ynetnews.com, Aug. 1, 2007, http://www.ynetnews.com; Aviv, Caryn and Shneer David, “New Jews: The End of the Jewish Diaspora,” pg. 118, 2005

[2] Interview with Amit Kama, professor at the department of communications, Emek Yezreel Academic College, March 6, 2008; Interview with Amit Kama, professor at the department of communications, Emek Yezreel Academic College, March 30, 2008

[3] “Israel acknowledges gay Holocaust victims for first time,” The Advocate, http://www.advocate.com/news_detail_ektid30341.asp, accessed March 3, 2008; Hazan, Jenny, “Taking ‘pride’ in Israel’s gay rights,” Israel21c.org, Aug. 6, 2006, http://www.israel21c.org/

[4] Hazan, Jenny, “Taking ‘pride’ in Israel’s gay rights,” Israel21c.org, Aug. 6, 2006, http://www.israel21c.org/

[5] Burden, Chas Newkey, “Tel Aviv, the final gay frontier,” Ynetnews.com, Aug. 1, 2007, http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3349664,00.html

[6] “Israel Grants Full Adoption for Gay Couples,” The Advocate, Feb. 13, 2008, http://www.advocate.com/news_detail_ektid52181.asp; Eglash, Ruth, “Jerusalem registers its first gay couple,” The Jerusalem Post, Jan. 30, 2007, http://www.jpost.com

[7] Eichner, Itamar, “Follow Israel’s example on gays in the military, US Study says,” Ynetnews.com, Feb. 8, 2007, http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3362505,00.html

[8] “Sexual Minorities and the Law: A World Survey,” Amnesty International lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender network,” July 2006, http://www.ai-lgbt.org/texts/lgbt2006.rtf

[9] Burden, Chas Newkey, “Tel Aviv, the final gay frontier,” Ynetnews.com, Aug. 1, 2007, http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3349664,00.html

[10] Burden, Chas Newkey, “Tel Aviv, the final gay frontier,” Ynetnews.com, Aug. 1, 2007, http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3349664,00.html

[11] Myre, Greg, “Israel Holds Gay Rally Under Heavy Guard,” The New York Times, Nov. 10, 2006, http://www.nytimes.com

[12] Myre, Greg, “Israel Holds Gay Rally Under Heavy Guard,” The New York Times, Nov. 10, 2006, http://www.nytimes.com; Heller, Corinne, “Israel seeks to scale down or move gay pride parade,” Reuters, Nov. 5, 2006, http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/L05251303.htm; Sela, Neta, “Holy war against pride parade,” Ynetnews.com, Oct. 30, 2006, http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3321178,00.html

[13] “Israeli MP blames quake on gays,” BBC News, Feb. 20, 2008, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7255657.stm; Illan, Shahar, “Shas MK blames gays for recent earthquakes in the region,” Haaretz, Feb. 20, 2008, http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/956334.html;

[14] Yoaz, Yuval, “Shas says will block plan to allow gay couples [sic] adopt children,” Haaretz, Dec. 17, 2007, http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/935134.html

[15] Interview with Amit Kama, Professor at the Department of Communications, Emek Yezreel Academic College, March 6, 2008

[16] Ibid.

[17] Rabinovitch, Ari, “Orthodox gays in Israel find support in Web site,” Reuters, Feb. 14, 2008, http://www.reuters.com/article/technologyNews/idUSL1440981520080214?pageNumber=1&virtualBrandChannel=0

[18] Senyor, Eli, “First gay MK picks Labor’s way,” Haaretz, March 24, 2006, http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3231718,00.html; Mualam, Mazal, “On appeal, Meretz restores MK Raz, pushing Arab MK down list,” Haaretz, Dec. 11, 2002, http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/ShArt.jhtml?itemNo=240048&contrassID=1&subContrassID=0&sbSubContrassID=0

[19] “Gay politicians keep power in Israeli elections,” The Advocate, Oct. 31, 2003, http://www.advocate.com/news_detail_ektid9445.asp

[20] Ibid.

[21] Ibid.

[22] Senyor, Eli, “First gay MK picks Labor’s way,” Haaretz, March 24, 2006, http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3231718,00.html; Carni, Yuval,“Please welcome the groom and groom!,” Ynetnews, March 13, 2005, http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3057798,00.html

[23] Eglash, Ruth, “Jerusalem registers its first gay couple,” The Jerusalem Post, Jan. 30, 2007, http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?c=JPArticle&cid=1167467842994&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull

[24] “Israel Grants Full Adoption for Gay Couples,” The Advocate, Feb. 13, 2008, http://www.advocate.com/news_detail_ektid52181.asp

[25] Ibid.

[26] Ibid.

[27] Yoaz, Yuval, “AG okays wider adoption rights for same-sex couples,” Haaretz, Feb. 13, 2008, http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/953097.html

[28] Kashti, Or, “Education Ministry to recognize gay and lesbian youth group,” Haaretz , March 28, 2007, http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/843090.html

[29] “About Us,” IGY.co.il, http://www.igy.co.il/content,  accessed April 8, 2008

[30] Eglash, Ruth, “Jerusalem registers its first gay couple,” The Jerusalem Post, Jan. 30, 2007, http://www.jpost.com

[31] Yoaz, Yuval, “In precedent-setting ruling court says state must recognize gay marriage,” Haaretz, Nov. 21, 2006, http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/790724.html

[32] Eglash, Ruth, “Jerusalem registers its first gay couple,” The Jerusalem Post, Jan. 30, 2007, http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?c=JPArticle&cid=1167467842994&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull

[33] Yeshoshua, Yam, “Tel Aviv okays gay couples for spouse discounts,” Haaretz, July 31, 2003, http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/ShArt.jhtml?itemNo=324011

[34] Gamson, Joshua, “The Officer and the Diva,” The Nation, June 28, 1999, http://www.thenation.com/doc/19990628/gamson

[35] “Significant dates and developments,” Isrealli.org – the official blog of the State of Israel, accessed Feb. 29, 2008, http://www.isrealli.org/gay-rights-in-israel/; Gamson, Joshua, “The Officer and the Diva,” The Nation, June 28, 1999, http://www.thenation.com/doc/19990628/gamson

[36] Gamson, Joshua, “The Officer and the Diva,” The Nation, June 28, 1999, http://www.thenation.com/doc/19990628/gamson; “Gay Rights in Israel,” IsRealli: The new blog of Israel,” Dec. 11, 2007, http://www.isrealli.org/gay-rights-in-israel/

[37] Gamson, Joshua, “The Officer and the Diva,” The Nation, June 28, 1999, http://www.thenation.com/doc/19990628/gamson; “Important Dates -The Agudah: The Association of Gay Men, Lesbians, Bisexuals and Transgender in Israel,” The Agudah Web site, accessed Feb. 28, 2008, http://www.geocities.com/westhollywood/stonewall/2295/

[38] Gamson, Joshua, “The Officer and the Diva,” The Nation, June 28, 1999, http://www.thenation.com/doc/19990628/gamson; “Important Dates -The Agudah: The Association of Gay Men, Lesbians, Bisexuals and Transgender in Israel,” The Agudah Web site, accessed Feb. 28, 2008, http://www.geocities.com/westhollywood/stonewall/2295/; “Israel’s first gay MP enters parliament,” BBCNews, Nov. 4, 2002, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/2400237.stm, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/2400237.stm

[39] Gamson, Joshua, “The Officer and the Diva,” The Nation, June 28, 1999, http://www.thenation.com/doc/19990628/gamson; “Important Dates -The Agudah: The Association of Gay Men, Lesbians, Bisexuals and Transgender in Israel,” The Agudah Web site, accessed Feb. 28, 2008, http://www.geocities.com/westhollywood/stonewall/2295/

[40] Gamson, Joshua, “The Officer and the Diva,” The Nation, June 28, 1999, http://www.thenation.com/doc/19990628/gamson; “Important Dates -The Agudah: The Association of Gay Men, Lesbians, Bisexuals and Transgender in Israel,” The Agudah Web site, accessed Feb. 28, 2008, http://www.geocities.com/westhollywood/stonewall/2295/; Interview with Amit Kama, Professor at the Department of Communications, Emek Yezreel Academic College, March 6, 2008

[41] “Important Dates -The Agudah: The Association of Gay Men, Lesbians, Bisexuals and Transgender in Israel,” The Agudah Web site, accessed Feb. 28, 2008, http://www.geocities.com/westhollywood/stonewall/2295/; Interview with Amit Kama, Professor at the Department of Communications, Emek Yezreel Academic College, March 6, 2008

[42] Interview with Amit Kama, Professor at the Department of Communications, Emek Yezreel Academic College, March 6, 2008

[43] Eichner, Itamar, "Follow Israel's example on gays in the military, US study says," Ynetnews.com, Feb. 8, 2007, http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3362505,00.html

[44] Ibid.

[45] Interview with Amit Kama, Professor at the Department of Communications, Emek Yezreel Academic College, March 6, 2008

[46] Eichner, Itamar, “Follow Israel’s example on gays in the military, US Study says,” Ynetnews.com, Feb. 8, 2007, http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3362505,00.html

[47] Ibid.

[48] Holden, Stephen, “Yossi and Jagger,” The New York Times, http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/281704/Yossi-Jagger/overview, accessed Feb. 29, 2008

[49] Gamson, Joshua, “The Officer and the Diva,” The Nation, June 28, 1999, http//www.thenation.com/doc/19990628/gamson

[50] Burden, Chas Newkey, “Tel Aviv, the final gay frontier,” Ynetnews.com, Aug. 1, 2007, http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3349664,00.html

[51] Baharir, Roee, “Ivri Lider, Eytan Fox on ‘Out’s’ most important gay list,” Ynetnews.com, Oct. 24, 2007, http://www.ynet.co.il/english/articles/0,7340,L-3463477,00.html

[52] Gamson, Joshua, “The Officer and the Diva,” The Nation, June 28, 1999, http://www.thenation.com/doc/19990628/gamson

[53] Kalman, Matthew, “West Bank gays more at home in Israel [sic] West Bank gays find social life in Israel,” San Francisco Chronicle, Feb. 5, 2007, http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2007/02/05/MNG5LNUTQG1.DTL

[54] Ibid.

[55] Gamson, Joshua, “The Officer and the Diva,” The Nation, June 28, 1999, http://www.thenation.com/doc/19990628/gamson

[56] Hazan, Jenny, “Taking ‘pride’ in Israel’s gay rights,” Israel21c.org, Aug. 6, 2006, http://www.israel21c.org/bin/en.jspenDispWho=Articles
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[57] “Tel Aviv-Yafo,” Israel Ministry of Tourism Web site, http://www.goisrael.com/Tourism_Eng/Articles/Tel+Aviv-Yafo.htm, accessed April 10, 2008; “Tel Aviv,” The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2007, http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-TelAviv.html, accessed April 10, 2008

[58] Kirchick, James, “Was Arafat Gay?” Out, http://www.out.com/detail.asp?id=22719, accessed Feb. 27, 2008

[59] Sadeh, Danny, “The Pink City,” Ynetnews.com, Nov. 15, 2005, http://www.ynet.co.il/english/articles/0,7340,L-3169556,00.html#n

[60] “Arrests at Jerusalem gay parade,” BBC News, June 21, 2007, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6225444.stm

[61] “Beit Dror,” Ynet.co.il, http://ruachtova.ynet.co.il/ynetnews/orgdetails.asp?id=3462&sParam=www.ynetnews.com, accessed April 4, 2008; Interview with Amit Kama, Professor at the Department of Communications, Emek Yezreel Academic College, March 6, 2008

[62] Sadeh, Danny, “The Pink City,” Nov. 15, 2005, http://www.ynet.co.il/english/articles/0,7340,L-3169556,00.html#n
Burden, Chas Newkey, “Tel Aviv, the final gay frontier,” Ynetnews.com, Aug. 1, 2007, http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3349664,00.html

[63] Burden, Chas Newkey, “Tel Aviv, the final gay frontier,” Ynetnews.com, Aug. 1, 2007, http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3349664,00.html

[64] “Sexual Minorities and the Law: A World Survey,” Amnesty International – Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Network,” http://www.ai-lgbt.org/texts/lgbt2006.rtf, accessed March 24, 2008; “LGBT Legal Status Around the World: Interactive Map,” Amnesty International USA Web site, http://www.amnestyusa.org/LGBT_Human_Rights/Country_Information/page.do?id=1106576&n1=3&n2=36&n3=1040, accessed March 24, 2008

[65] Kennicott, Philip, “Pictures From An Execution Come Into Focus,” The Washington Post, July 20, 2006, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/07/19/AR2006071902061.html; Kim, Richard, “Witness to an Execution,” The Nation, Aug. 7, 2005, http://www.thenation.com/doc/20050815/kim

[66] Whitaker, Brian, “Saudis’ tough line on gays,” The Guardian, April 9, 2005, http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2005/apr/09/saudiarabia.brianwhitaker; “Sexual Minorities and the Law: A World Survey,” Amnesty International – Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Network,” http://www.ai-lgbt.org/texts/lgbt2006.rtf

[67] “Sexual Minorities and the Law: A World Survey,” Amnesty International – Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Network,” http://www.ai-lgbt.org/texts/lgbt2006.rtf, accessed March 24, 2008; “LGBT Legal Status Around the World: Interactive Map,” Amnesty International USA Web site, http://www.amnestyusa.org/LGBT_Human_Rights/Country_Information/page.do?id=1106576&n1=3&n2=36&n3=1040, accessed March 24, 2008

[68] “Jordan: LGBT Legal Status Around the World,” Amnesty International USA, http://www.amnestyusa.org/LGBT-Human-Rights/Country-Information/page.do?id=1106576&n1=3&n2=36&n3=1040, accessed Feb. 28, 2008; “Palestinian Authority: LGBT Legal Status Around the World,” Amnesty International USA, http://www.amnestyusa.org/LGBT-Human-Rights/Country-Information/page.do?id=1106576&n1=3&n2=36&n3=1040, accessed Feb. 28, 2008

[69] “Jordan: LGBT Legal Status Around the World,” Amnesty International USA, accessed Feb. 28, 2008, http://www.amnestyusa.org/LGBT-Human-Rights/Country-Information/page.do?id=1106576&n1=3&n2=36&n3=1040; Jimenez, Marina,“Gay Jordanian Now ‘Gloriously Free’ in Canada,” The Globe and Mail via GayMiddleEast.com, May 20, 2004, http://www.gaymiddleeast.com/news/article154.html

[70] Masood, Salman, “Pakistan Tries to Curb ‘Honor Killings,’”The New York Times, Oct. 27, 2004, http://www.nytimes.com/2004/10/27/international/asia/27stan.html?_r=1&oref=login&oref=slogin; Stillwell, Cinnamon, “Honor killings: When the ancient and the modern collide,” San Francisco Chronicle, Jan. 23, 2008, http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/g/a/2008/01/23/cstillwell.DTL, Dreher, Rod, “Was this an honor killing?” The Dallas Morning News, Jan. 13, 2008, http://www.dallasnews.com; Biehl, Jody K., “The Death of a Muslim Woman: The Whore Lived Like a German,” Speigel Online International, March 2, 2005, http://www.spiegel.de/international/0,1518,344374,00.html

[71] Burden, Chas Newkey, “Tel Aviv, the final gay frontier,” Ynetnews.com, Aug. 1, 2007, http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3349664,00.html

[72] “’Death threat’ to Palestinian gays,” BBC News, March 6, 2003, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/2826963.stm

[73] Gontaj, Nir, “IDF allows gay Palestinian to reunite with Israeli lover,” Ynetnews.com, March 25, 2008, http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3523266,00.html; Harrison, Rebecca, “Gay Palestinian gets OK to live with Israeli lover,” Reuters, March 25, 2008, http://uk.reuters.com/article/lifestyleMolt/idUKL2586865820080325?pageNumber=1&virtualBrandChannel=0

[74] “Palestinian gays flee to Israel,” BBC News, Oct. 22, 2003, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3211772.stm

[75] Halevi, Yossi Klein, “Refugee Status; Tel Aviv Dispatch,” The New Republic, Aug. 19, 2002

[76] “Palestinian gays flee to Israel,” BBC News, Oct. 22, 2003, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3211772.stm

[77] Halevi, Yossi Klein, “Refugee Status; Tel Aviv Dispatch,” The New Republic, Aug. 19, 2002

[78] “About Jerusalem Open House,” Jerusalem Open House Web site, accessed Feb. 29, 2008, http://www.worldpride.net/index.php?id=1319

haGalil onLine 06-05-2008